data build tooldbt

모델: SQL SELECT 문 → 테이블/뷰 자동 생성
테스트: 데이터 품질 자동 검증
문서화: 자동 lineage 그래프, 메타데이터
재사용: 매크로(Jinja 템플릿), 패키지

-- models/staging/stg_orders.sql
with source as (
    select * from {{ source('raw', 'orders') }}
),
renamed as (
    select
        id as order_id,
        user_id,
        status,
        created_at::date as order_date,
        amount / 100.0 as amount_usd
    from source
    where status != 'deleted'
)
select * from renamed

-- models/marts/fct_monthly_revenue.sql
{{ config(materialized='table') }}

with orders as (
    select * from {{ ref('stg_orders') }}
),
revenue as (
    select
        date_trunc('month', order_date) as month,
        sum(amount_usd) as total_revenue,
        count(distinct user_id) as unique_customers
    from orders
    where status = 'completed'
    group by 1
)
select * from revenue

# models/schema.yml
models:
  - name: stg_orders
    columns:
      - name: order_id
        tests:
          - unique
          - not_null
      - name: amount_usd
        tests:
          - not_null
          - dbt_utils.expression_is_true:
              expression: ">= 0"

dbt run          # 모델 실행
dbt test         # 테스트 실행
dbt docs generate && dbt docs serve  # 문서 생성