Builder Pattern빌더 패턴

from dataclasses import dataclass, field
from typing import Optional

@dataclass
class Pizza:
    size: str
    crust: str
    sauce: str
    toppings: list[str] = field(default_factory=list)
    extra_cheese: bool = False
    gluten_free: bool = False

class PizzaBuilder:
    def __init__(self):
        self._size = "medium"
        self._crust = "thin"
        self._sauce = "tomato"
        self._toppings = []
        self._extra_cheese = False
        self._gluten_free = False

    def size(self, size: str) -> 'PizzaBuilder':
        self._size = size
        return self

    def crust(self, crust: str) -> 'PizzaBuilder':
        self._crust = crust
        return self

    def sauce(self, sauce: str) -> 'PizzaBuilder':
        self._sauce = sauce
        return self

    def topping(self, topping: str) -> 'PizzaBuilder':
        self._toppings.append(topping)
        return self

    def extra_cheese(self) -> 'PizzaBuilder':
        self._extra_cheese = True
        return self

    def gluten_free(self) -> 'PizzaBuilder':
        self._gluten_free = True
        return self

    def build(self) -> Pizza:
        return Pizza(
            self._size, self._crust, self._sauce,
            self._toppings, self._extra_cheese, self._gluten_free
        )

# 메서드 체이닝으로 직관적 생성
pizza = (PizzaBuilder()
    .size("large")
    .crust("thick")
    .sauce("bbq")
    .topping("pepperoni")
    .topping("mushroom")
    .extra_cheese()
    .build())

@Builder
@Data
public class HttpRequest {
    private String url;
    private String method;
    private Map<String, String> headers;
    private String body;
    private int timeout;
}

// 사용
HttpRequest req = HttpRequest.builder()
    .url("https://api.example.com/data")
    .method("POST")
    .timeout(5000)
    .build();